This specific firearm is a break-action shotgun manufactured by Stevens, a brand historically associated with affordable and reliable firearms. It is characterized by two side-by-side barrels, chambered for 12-gauge shotgun shells. The model 311 designation signifies a particular design within the Stevens product line known for its simplicity and utility. This type of shotgun is commonly used for hunting small game and for recreational clay target shooting.
The enduring popularity of this type of shotgun stems from several factors, including its relatively low cost, ease of maintenance, and rugged construction. Its simple design makes it readily accessible to novice shooters, while its robust build ensures reliable performance under various conditions. Historically, shotguns of this style have played a significant role in hunting and sporting traditions, offering a practical and effective tool for a wide range of users.
Further exploration will delve into specific aspects such as variations within the model line, common maintenance practices, safe handling procedures, and the history of Stevens Arms Company.
1. Gauge
“Gauge: 12” designates the bore diameter of this shotgun, a crucial factor influencing its performance and suitability for various applications. Understanding this specification provides essential context for evaluating the firearm’s capabilities and intended use.
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Shot Size and Capacity:
A 12-gauge bore accommodates a larger diameter shell than smaller gauges (e.g., 20-gauge, .410 bore). This translates to a greater payload of shot, impacting stopping power and effective range. Consequently, 12-gauge shotguns are suitable for hunting larger game or engaging multiple targets in clay shooting.
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Recoil:
The increased shot payload in a 12-gauge shell generates more recoil compared to smaller gauges. This factor influences shooter comfort and control, especially during repeated firing. While manageable with proper technique and stance, recoil can be a consideration for smaller-framed individuals or novice shooters.
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Versatility:
The 12-gauge’s adaptability to various shot types, from birdshot to slugs, enhances its versatility. This flexibility makes it suitable for hunting a wider range of game, from small birds to larger animals, and for different sporting applications, including trap and skeet shooting.
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Ammunition Availability:
12-gauge ammunition is widely available, offering a diverse selection of loads for specific purposes. This ready availability makes it a practical choice for shooters who prioritize convenient access to a broad range of ammunition options.
In summary, the 12-gauge designation of this shotgun contributes significantly to its versatility and effectiveness. While recoil management is a consideration, the larger bore diameter enables greater shot capacity and adaptability to different ammunition types, solidifying its position as a popular choice for various hunting and sporting applications.
2. Action
The “break-action” designation signifies a crucial aspect of the Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel shotgun’s operation and handling. This mechanism defines how the firearm is loaded, unloaded, and prepared for firing, influencing its practical use and overall characteristics. Understanding the break-action design is fundamental to appreciating the shotgun’s functionality and historical context.
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Simplicity and Reliability:
Break-action firearms are renowned for their simple design, featuring a hinged breech that opens to expose the chamber for loading and unloading. This straightforward mechanism contributes to the firearm’s reliability and ease of maintenance, minimizing potential points of failure. The absence of complex loading mechanisms makes break-action shotguns generally robust and user-friendly.
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Manual Loading and Ejection:
The break-action design necessitates manual loading and ejection of shells. After firing, the shooter breaks open the action, manually removes spent shells, and inserts fresh cartridges. This hands-on process contrasts with semi-automatic or pump-action shotguns, which automate these steps. While manual operation may appear slower, it reinforces familiarity with the firearm’s mechanics and promotes mindful handling.
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Limited Capacity:
Break-action shotguns typically hold a limited number of shells, often two in the case of double-barrel configurations. This limited capacity influences tactical considerations for hunting and sport shooting, emphasizing shot placement and requiring deliberate reloading. While the capacity might be perceived as a disadvantage in some scenarios, it encourages a more considered approach to shooting.
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Safety and Handling:
The break-action design contributes to the firearm’s inherent safety features. The open breech provides a clear visual confirmation of the chamber’s status, facilitating safe handling and inspection. The manual loading process also reinforces awareness of the firearm’s condition, promoting responsible gun ownership and safe practices.
In summary, the break-action mechanism of the Stevens Model 311 contributes significantly to its identity as a practical, reliable, and user-friendly firearm. While limited capacity distinguishes it from other shotgun types, the break-action design prioritizes simplicity, safety, and a direct connection between the shooter and the firearm’s operation. These features contribute to the enduring appeal of this classic shotgun design.
3. Configuration
The “double barrel” configuration is a defining characteristic of the Stevens Model 311 12 gauge, significantly impacting its functionality, handling, and historical context. This configuration refers to the presence of two separate barrels, positioned side-by-side, which distinguishes it from single-barrel or over-under designs. Examining the implications of this configuration provides essential insights into the firearm’s purpose and appeal.
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Two Shots, Rapidly:
The most immediate advantage of the double-barrel configuration is the ability to fire two shots in quick succession. This feature can be crucial in hunting scenarios requiring a rapid follow-up shot or when engaging multiple targets in sporting clays. The ability to quickly discharge two shells enhances the firearm’s effectiveness in dynamic situations.
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Different Chokes:
Double barrels often accommodate different chokes in each barrel. Chokes constrict the end of the barrel, influencing the spread of the shot. Having different chokes provides flexibility, allowing shooters to select the appropriate choke for the intended target distance or shot pattern. For example, one barrel might have a tighter choke for longer shots while the other has a more open choke for closer targets.
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Balance and Handling:
The side-by-side barrel arrangement contributes to the firearm’s balance and handling characteristics. This configuration distributes the weight more evenly than an over-under design, potentially improving swing and target acquisition. The balanced feel can enhance shooting comfort and control, particularly during repeated firing.
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Traditional Aesthetics:
The double-barrel configuration holds a prominent place in firearms history, evoking a sense of tradition and classic design. This aesthetic appeal contributes to the enduring popularity of side-by-side shotguns among enthusiasts who appreciate the timeless elegance and historical significance of this configuration.
In conclusion, the double-barrel configuration of the Stevens Model 311 is integral to its identity. While offering the practical advantage of two quick shots and choke versatility, this configuration also embodies a traditional aesthetic that resonates with many firearm enthusiasts. The combination of functionality and classic design solidifies the double barrel’s continued relevance in the world of shotguns.
4. Manufacturer
Understanding the Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel requires acknowledging the manufacturer, J. Stevens Arms & Tool Company, and its historical influence on firearm design and production. Stevens legacy of producing affordable, reliable firearms directly shapes the 311’s characteristics and market position. Examining Stevens history and manufacturing philosophy provides crucial context for understanding this specific model.
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Focus on Affordability:
Stevens historically emphasized producing firearms accessible to a wider market. This focus on affordability influenced design choices, material selection, and manufacturing processes, often prioritizing practicality over elaborate features. The Model 311 reflects this philosophy, offering a functional and reliable shotgun without unnecessary embellishments, thereby appealing to budget-conscious consumers.
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History of Innovation:
While prioritizing affordability, Stevens maintained a history of innovation, particularly in developing simple and effective firearm mechanisms. Their contributions to firearms technology, including advancements in break-action designs and manufacturing techniques, helped establish their reputation for producing reliable and functional firearms. The Model 311 benefits from this legacy, incorporating proven design elements that ensure dependable performance.
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Acquisition by Savage Arms:
Savage Arms acquisition of Stevens in 1920 marked a significant turning point. This acquisition integrated Stevens into a larger firearms manufacturing ecosystem, influencing production, distribution, and marketing strategies. While maintaining its distinct brand identity, Stevens benefited from Savages resources and market reach, expanding the availability and recognition of models like the 311.
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Legacy of Utility:
Stevens enduring legacy centers on producing utilitarian firearms designed for practical applications. This focus on functionality over ornamentation resonates with users prioritizing reliability and performance in hunting, sporting, and recreational shooting. The Model 311 embodies this legacy, offering a practical tool designed to meet the needs of a wide range of shooters.
The Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel reflects the manufacturers historical emphasis on affordability, innovation, and practical utility. From its simple yet effective design to its accessible price point, the 311 embodies the core values that have defined Stevens throughout its history. Understanding this historical context provides a deeper appreciation for the firearm’s enduring appeal and its place within the broader landscape of shotgun design and manufacturing.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding the Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel shotgun, providing concise and informative responses to clarify potential uncertainties and enhance understanding.
Question 1: What type of ammunition is suitable for this firearm?
The Stevens Model 311 12 gauge is compatible with standard 12-gauge shotgun shells, including birdshot, buckshot, and slugs. Specific ammunition selection should consider the intended application, such as hunting or target shooting, and adhere to local regulations.
Question 2: How is the Stevens Model 311 maintained?
Regular cleaning and lubrication are essential for maintaining optimal performance and longevity. Disassembling the firearm for cleaning should follow manufacturer guidelines. Proper lubrication of moving parts helps prevent wear and ensures smooth operation.
Question 3: Are there different variations of the Model 311?
Variations exist within the Model 311 series, often distinguished by features such as barrel length, choke configurations, and stock materials. Researching specific variations can help identify a model best suited to individual needs and preferences.
Question 4: What safety precautions should be observed when handling this firearm?
Standard firearm safety rules apply, including always treating the firearm as if it were loaded, keeping the muzzle pointed in a safe direction, and keeping fingers off the trigger until ready to fire. Consulting official safety guidelines and seeking professional training are strongly recommended.
Question 5: What is the effective range of this shotgun?
Effective range varies depending on ammunition type and choke selection. Generally, 12-gauge shotguns are effective within a range of approximately 50 yards, with specific ranges depending on the chosen load and individual firearm characteristics.
Question 6: Where can additional information on the Stevens Model 311 be found?
Further information can be found through online resources, firearm forums, and publications specializing in firearms and hunting. Consulting with experienced firearm owners or professionals can also provide valuable insights.
Understanding the specifications, operation, and safety procedures associated with the Stevens Model 311 ensures responsible ownership and enhances the user experience.
The next section will delve into the historical context of the Stevens Arms & Tool Company, providing further insight into the legacy behind the Model 311.
Stevens Model 311 12 Gauge Double Barrel
This section provides practical guidance for owners of this specific firearm, focusing on safe handling, maintenance, and effective use. Adherence to these recommendations contributes to responsible firearm ownership and ensures optimal performance.
Tip 1: Regular Cleaning is Essential
Regular cleaning is paramount for maintaining the firearm’s functionality and longevity. Accumulated residue can affect performance and reliability. Disassembly and cleaning should follow manufacturer guidelines, utilizing appropriate cleaning solvents and lubricants.
Tip 2: Proper Storage Prevents Damage
Secure storage in a cool, dry environment safeguards the firearm from corrosion and damage. Storing the firearm unloaded and separate from ammunition enhances safety and prevents unauthorized access. Utilizing a gun safe or lockable storage case is recommended.
Tip 3: Ammunition Selection Matters
Choosing the correct ammunition type is crucial for both safety and effectiveness. Ammunition should be compatible with the firearm’s specifications and appropriate for the intended use. Using incorrect ammunition can damage the firearm and pose safety risks.
Tip 4: Understand Choke Selection
Different chokes influence shot patterns, affecting accuracy and effectiveness at various ranges. Understanding choke selection and its impact on shot spread is crucial for achieving optimal results in hunting or target shooting. Consulting resources or experienced shooters can provide valuable insights into choke selection.
Tip 5: Inspect Before Each Use
Prior to each use, a thorough inspection of the firearm is essential to ensure its safe and reliable operation. Checking for obstructions, damage, or any unusual wear can prevent malfunctions and ensure a safe shooting experience. This inspection should include verifying the firearm is unloaded.
Tip 6: Professional Maintenance is Recommended
Periodic professional maintenance by a qualified gunsmith is advisable, especially if any malfunctions or issues arise. Professional inspection and servicing can address potential problems before they escalate, ensuring the firearm’s continued safe and reliable operation.
Tip 7: Familiarize with Safety Procedures
Thorough familiarity with safety procedures is fundamental to responsible firearm ownership. Adhering to established safety rules, such as treating the firearm as if it were always loaded, prevents accidents and promotes safe gun handling practices.
Consistent adherence to these tips ensures the firearm’s longevity, reliability, and safe operation. Prioritizing safety and maintenance contributes to a positive and responsible ownership experience.
The following section concludes this exploration of the Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel shotgun, summarizing key features and reiterating the importance of responsible firearm ownership.
Concluding Remarks
Exploration of the Stevens Model 311 12 gauge double barrel shotgun reveals a firearm deeply rooted in practicality and affordability. Its break-action design, combined with the 12-gauge chambering and double-barrel configuration, offers a balance of simplicity, versatility, and effectiveness. Manufactured with an emphasis on utility, this model reflects Stevens’ historical commitment to providing accessible firearms for a wide range of users. From its straightforward mechanics to its enduring popularity among hunters and sport shooters, the Stevens Model 311 occupies a distinct niche in the firearms landscape.
The enduring relevance of the Stevens Model 311 underscores the importance of understanding not just its mechanical attributes, but also the historical context and responsible practices associated with firearm ownership. Continued appreciation for this classic design necessitates a commitment to safe handling, proper maintenance, and a thorough understanding of applicable regulations. Ultimately, responsible stewardship ensures the enduring legacy of firearms like the Stevens Model 311, preserving their place in sporting traditions for generations to come.