A failure to chamber fresh rounds into the battery of a Mossberg 590 shotgun, preventing proper function, is a serious issue for users. This malfunction can manifest in several ways, such as the next shell failing to lift from the magazine tube, becoming jammed during feeding, or not fully seating in the chamber. An example would be the action cycling but the bolt closing on an empty chamber or a partially fed shell.
Reliable operation is paramount for any firearm, particularly shotguns intended for self-defense or hunting. Addressing feeding issues ensures the weapon performs as intended when needed. Historically, pump-action shotguns like the 590 have been valued for their simplicity and robustness. However, various factors can disrupt this reliability, highlighting the need for understanding and resolving potential problems. A properly functioning firearm is essential for safety and the effective execution of the intended purpose, whether it be competitive shooting, home defense, or hunting.
The following sections will explore common causes of this malfunction, troubleshooting techniques, and potential solutions to restore reliable operation.
1. Ammunition Quality
Ammunition quality plays a crucial role in the reliable cycling of a Mossberg 590 shotgun. Substandard or incompatible ammunition is a frequent cause of feeding failures. Variations in shell dimensions, case material, and powder loads can disrupt the delicate timing and mechanical processes involved in chambering a round.
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Shell Dimensions:
Inconsistent shell lengths or improperly sized brass heads can cause malfunctions. Overly long shells may fail to feed from the magazine tube, while short shells can cause the elevator to miss or improperly position the round for chambering. For instance, using 2 -inch shells in a 3-inch chambered 590 can lead to feeding problems. Precise adherence to the correct shell length is vital.
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Case Material:
The quality of the shell casing material can influence feeding reliability. Low-quality brass or steel cases may deform or split during cycling, leading to jams or failures to extract. Remanufactured or reloaded ammunition, while often economical, may present a higher risk of these issues due to variations in case condition and resizing processes. Inspecting ammunition for signs of damage or irregularity is crucial.
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Powder Loads:
Weak or inconsistent powder loads can cause short-stroking, where the action does not cycle fully, leading to failures to eject and feed. Conversely, excessively powerful loads can cause undue stress on the firearm’s mechanism and increase the risk of malfunctions. Using ammunition with the appropriate powder load for the intended purpose, as specified by the manufacturer, is essential.
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Crimp Quality:
A proper crimp secures the shot or slug within the shell casing. Weak crimps can allow the projectile to shift during recoil or cycling, causing feeding issues or even dangerous barrel obstructions. Conversely, overly tight crimps can make it difficult for the shell to chamber. A consistent and correctly formed crimp is crucial for reliable feeding.
Addressing ammunition-related feeding issues often involves switching to a different brand or type of ammunition known for its consistent quality and compatibility with the Mossberg 590. Thorough inspection of ammunition before use can also prevent problems. By understanding the influence of these factors, users can take proactive steps to ensure reliable function and avoid disruptions in critical situations.
2. Magazine Tube Cleanliness
Magazine tube cleanliness is critical for reliable feeding in a Mossberg 590 shotgun. A build-up of dirt, grime, old lubricant residue, or other foreign matter within the tube can create significant friction, impeding the smooth movement of shells. This friction can prevent the shells from feeding correctly into the elevator and lifter mechanism, leading to malfunctions such as failure to chamber or double feeds. Even seemingly minor obstructions can disrupt the precise timing required for proper cycling, especially under the stress of rapid firing. For example, accumulated debris combined with cold weather or old lubricant can effectively “glue” shells within the tube, rendering the shotgun inoperable.
Regular cleaning of the magazine tube is essential preventative maintenance. This involves disassembling the shotgun according to the manufacturer’s instructions and thoroughly cleaning the tube with appropriate solvents and brushes. Attention should also be paid to the spring and follower, ensuring they are free of debris and properly lubricated with a light coat of gun oil. Neglecting this routine maintenance can lead to increased wear and tear on the components, potentially exacerbating feeding problems and necessitating costly repairs. Consider a scenario where a hunter in a remote area experiences a malfunction due to a dirty magazine tube, potentially jeopardizing safety and the success of the hunt.
Maintaining a clean magazine tube is a simple yet crucial step in ensuring the reliable operation of a Mossberg 590. This proactive approach minimizes the risk of feeding malfunctions, especially in demanding conditions, and contributes to the longevity of the firearm. It reinforces the fundamental principle that proper maintenance is essential for the safe and effective use of any firearm.
3. Elevator and Lifter Function
The elevator and lifter assembly plays a critical role in the Mossberg 590’s feeding cycle. This mechanism is responsible for lifting shells from the magazine tube and presenting them to the bolt for chambering. A malfunctioning elevator or lifter is a common cause of feeding failures. The lifter, a small spring-loaded component, engages the shell rim and guides it onto the elevator platform. The elevator, driven by the action bar, then raises the shell to the correct position for the bolt to push it into the chamber. If either component is damaged, worn, or obstructed, the feeding process is disrupted. For example, a bent or broken lifter can fail to engage the shell rim, preventing it from being lifted. A worn or sticky elevator may not raise the shell high enough, resulting in a failure to chamber. Obstructions, such as dirt or debris, can also interfere with the movement of these components.
The interaction between the elevator, lifter, and shell is crucial. The shell must be correctly positioned on the elevator for proper feeding. If the shell is not aligned correctly, it can jam against the receiver or bolt, leading to a malfunction. This alignment depends on the precise geometry and interaction of the elevator, lifter, and shell. A practical example is a situation where the shooter short-strokes the action. Insufficient rearward movement prevents the elevator from reaching its full height, leaving the shell too low for the bolt to engage, resulting in a failure to chamber.
Understanding the function and potential failure points of the elevator and lifter assembly is essential for diagnosing and resolving feeding issues in the Mossberg 590. Regular inspection and cleaning of these components are crucial preventative measures. Recognizing the symptoms of a malfunctioning elevator or lifter such as failures to feed, jams, or stovepiping allows for timely intervention and minimizes potential disruptions during critical use. Addressing these potential issues ensures the reliable operation necessary for a functional and dependable firearm.
4. Cartridge Stop Integrity
The cartridge stop plays a critical role in the reliable feeding of a Mossberg 590 shotgun. This small, spring-loaded component controls the release of shells from the magazine tube. A damaged or malfunctioning cartridge stop can lead to a variety of feeding issues, ranging from failures to feed to double feeds. Proper cartridge stop integrity is therefore essential for consistent and reliable operation.
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Cartridge Stop Function:
The cartridge stop’s primary function is to retain rounds in the magazine tube until the action cycles, allowing only one shell to be released at a time. It acts as a gatekeeper, preventing multiple shells from attempting to enter the elevator simultaneously. When the action is cycled, the cartridge stop momentarily retracts, releasing the next shell into the elevator mechanism. A properly functioning cartridge stop ensures controlled shell release, preventing jams and ensuring smooth feeding.
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Common Failure Points:
Cartridge stops can fail due to wear, damage, or improper adjustment. Excessive wear can weaken the spring tension, leading to inconsistent shell release. Physical damage, such as bending or breakage, can prevent the stop from functioning altogether. Improper adjustment can also cause malfunctions, either by restricting shell release or allowing multiple shells to escape the magazine tube.
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Impact on Feeding:
A malfunctioning cartridge stop can manifest in several ways. Weak spring tension may result in the next round not being released from the magazine tube, causing a failure to feed. Conversely, a damaged or improperly adjusted stop can allow multiple shells to be released simultaneously, leading to a double feed and jamming the action. These malfunctions can render the shotgun inoperable, highlighting the critical role of the cartridge stop in maintaining reliable function.
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Diagnosis and Remediation:
Diagnosing cartridge stop issues involves careful inspection of the component for signs of wear, damage, or improper adjustment. Testing the spring tension and observing its interaction with the shells in the magazine tube can help pinpoint the problem. Remediation typically involves replacing a worn or damaged cartridge stop or adjusting its position to ensure proper function. In some cases, cleaning and lubrication may resolve minor issues.
The cartridge stop, while a relatively small component, is integral to the Mossberg 590’s feeding mechanism. Maintaining its integrity through regular inspection, cleaning, and timely replacement of worn or damaged parts is crucial for ensuring reliable operation and preventing potentially dangerous malfunctions. Ignoring cartridge stop issues can compromise the shotgun’s functionality, highlighting the importance of understanding its role and addressing any potential problems proactively.
5. Shell Latch Adjustment
The shell latch, a seemingly minor component of the Mossberg 590, plays a crucial role in the feeding process, and its adjustment can significantly influence the shotgun’s reliability. This mechanism secures the shells within the receiver until they are released for loading into the chamber. Incorrect shell latch adjustment can contribute to a range of feeding malfunctions. A shell latch adjusted too tightly can impede the smooth release of shells from the magazine tube, causing failures to feed. Conversely, a latch adjusted too loosely may allow premature release or even double feeding, leading to jams and potential safety hazards. The shell latchs interaction with other components, such as the elevator and cartridge stop, requires precise timing. An improperly adjusted latch disrupts this timing, compromising the smooth flow of ammunition from the magazine tube to the chamber.
Consider a scenario where a user experiences intermittent feeding issues. The shotgun cycles correctly sometimes, but other times the next round fails to chamber. This inconsistency can often be attributed to a shell latch that is marginally out of adjustment. Even slight deviations from the optimal setting can disrupt the delicate balance required for reliable feeding, particularly under the stress of rapid firing or adverse conditions. Another example is a situation where the shell latch is so loose that it permits two shells to be released simultaneously from the magazine, leading to a double feed and a jammed action. Such malfunctions can be dangerous, particularly in self-defense situations, highlighting the practical significance of proper shell latch adjustment.
Proper shell latch adjustment is often overlooked but crucial for reliable Mossberg 590 function. Consult the owner’s manual for specific adjustment instructions, as even minor alterations can significantly impact feeding reliability. Understanding the shell latch’s function within the broader feeding mechanism allows for effective diagnosis and resolution of potential issues, contributing to the shotgun’s consistent and safe operation. Addressing this often-overlooked aspect can prevent frustrating malfunctions and ensure dependable performance when it matters most.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common concerns regarding Mossberg 590 feeding issues.
Question 1: Is a failure to feed always caused by a single issue?
Multiple factors can contribute to feeding malfunctions. While one issue might be the primary cause, addressing all potential contributing factors ensures comprehensive remediation.
Question 2: Can cleaning the shotgun resolve all feeding issues?
While regular cleaning is essential preventative maintenance, it may not resolve all feeding issues. Mechanical damage or wear may require parts replacement.
Question 3: Are aftermarket parts always a suitable solution?
While some aftermarket parts can improve performance, using non-factory components can sometimes introduce compatibility issues and may void the manufacturer’s warranty. Careful consideration is advised.
Question 4: How can one determine if the elevator is malfunctioning?
Close inspection of the elevator for signs of wear, damage, or bending is crucial. Observing its movement during cycling can reveal functional issues. If the elevator fails to lift shells consistently to the correct height, replacement may be necessary.
Question 5: What are the signs of a worn cartridge stop?
Weak spring tension, visible wear marks, or difficulty in retaining shells within the magazine tube suggest a worn cartridge stop. Replacement is the recommended course of action.
Question 6: How often should the magazine tube be cleaned?
Regular cleaning, especially after extended use or exposure to harsh conditions, is recommended. Frequency depends on usage, but regular maintenance is crucial for preventing malfunctions.
Addressing these common questions provides a foundation for understanding and troubleshooting Mossberg 590 feeding issues. Thorough diagnosis, proper maintenance, and timely replacement of worn components are crucial for ensuring reliable function.
The next section will provide practical tips for troubleshooting specific feeding malfunctions.
Troubleshooting Tips
Systematic troubleshooting is essential when a Mossberg 590 fails to feed reliably. The following tips offer a structured approach to identifying and resolving common issues.
Tip 1: Verify Ammunition Compatibility:
Begin by confirming that the ammunition used is compatible with the Mossberg 590’s specifications. Incorrect shell length, low-quality cases, or inconsistent powder loads can cause feeding problems. Using the correct ammunition is paramount. Test firing with a different brand or type of ammunition known for reliability can isolate ammunition-related issues. Note any differences in performance.
Tip 2: Inspect and Clean the Magazine Tube:
A dirty magazine tube can impede smooth shell movement. Disassemble the shotgun and thoroughly clean the magazine tube, spring, and follower. Remove any dirt, debris, or old lubricant. A clean magazine tube ensures consistent feeding.
Tip 3: Examine the Elevator and Lifter:
Inspect the elevator and lifter for signs of wear, damage, or bending. These components are critical for lifting shells from the magazine tube. Ensure they move freely and engage shells correctly. Replace any worn or damaged parts. A properly functioning elevator and lifter are essential for reliable feeding.
Tip 4: Check Cartridge Stop Function:
Verify the cartridge stop’s spring tension and ensure it correctly retains and releases shells. A weak or damaged cartridge stop can cause failures to feed or double feeds. Replacement is often the most effective solution for a malfunctioning cartridge stop.
Tip 5: Adjust the Shell Latch:
Proper shell latch adjustment is crucial. If the latch is too tight or too loose, it can disrupt feeding. Consult the owner’s manual for specific adjustment instructions. Precise shell latch adjustment ensures reliable shell release.
Tip 6: Lubricate Critical Components:
Proper lubrication is vital. Apply a light coat of gun oil to the action bars, bolt slide, and other moving parts. Avoid over-lubrication, as excessive oil can attract dirt and debris, hindering performance. Correct lubrication reduces friction and ensures smooth operation.
Tip 7: Consult a Qualified Gunsmith:
If troubleshooting fails to resolve the issue, consult a qualified gunsmith. Professional expertise can diagnose complex problems and ensure proper repair.
Following these tips provides a systematic approach to resolving Mossberg 590 feeding issues. Addressing potential problems proactively ensures reliable function and safe operation.
The following conclusion summarizes key takeaways regarding reliable shotgun function.
Final Assessment
Addressing a Mossberg 590’s failure to feed requires a methodical approach encompassing ammunition selection, component inspection, and meticulous maintenance. Ammunition compatibility is paramount, as variations in shell dimensions and quality can significantly impact feeding reliability. Regular cleaning of the magazine tube, along with inspection and lubrication of critical components like the elevator, lifter, cartridge stop, and shell latch, are essential for preventing malfunctions. Proper adjustment of the shell latch is crucial, as even minor deviations can disrupt the intricate timing of the feeding mechanism. Understanding the interplay of these factors allows for effective diagnosis and resolution of feeding issues.
Reliable firearm function is paramount for safety and effective use. A properly maintained and functioning Mossberg 590 provides the dependable performance necessary in various situations, from hunting to self-defense. Proactive attention to potential feeding issues, coupled with a thorough understanding of the shotgun’s mechanism, empowers users to address malfunctions effectively and maintain the firearm’s operational readiness. Consistent vigilance and a commitment to proper maintenance practices ensure long-term reliability and safe operation.