The maximum range of a projectile fired from a handgun chambered in 9mm Parabellum depends on numerous factors, including the specific cartridge load (bullet weight and powder charge), barrel length, firing angle, and environmental conditions like wind speed and direction. While a bullet can travel several thousand meters under ideal conditions, the effective range the distance at which it retains sufficient energy and accuracy for the intended purpose is significantly shorter. For example, a typical 9mm handgun used for self-defense might have an effective range of up to 50 meters, though hitting a target reliably at that distance requires considerable skill.
Understanding the potential travel distance of bullets is crucial for safe firearms handling and usage. This knowledge informs safe shooting practices on firing ranges and in other settings. It is also relevant in forensic investigations for reconstructing crime scenes. The development of different bullet types and propellants throughout history has influenced the range and effectiveness of firearms, making this an area of continued study and development within ballistics and ammunition technology.