The distance a projectile fired from a handgun can traverse through water is significantly less than its range in air. Water, being far denser than air, creates substantial drag and resistance. This rapid deceleration results in a drastically reduced effective range, often just a few feet depending on the caliber, bullet type, and specific firearm.
Understanding projectile behavior in aquatic environments is crucial for various fields. Applications include ballistic analysis for criminal investigations, underwater construction and demolition safety assessments, and even special forces training. Historically, limitations on underwater firearm effectiveness have shaped naval tactics and weaponry development. This knowledge is essential for assessing risks and ensuring safety in any scenario involving firearms and water.