This specific type of ammunition consists of small lead or steel pellets loaded into a .22 caliber cartridge. Typically used in pest control, it is effective against small rodents and snakes at close range. The tiny projectiles disperse widely upon firing, creating a pattern that increases the likelihood of hitting the target. An example would be a .22 Long Rifle loaded with #12 shot.
Its effectiveness in pest control stems from the balance between power and spread. The relatively low power reduces the risk of overpenetration and property damage, while the wide shot pattern compensates for slight aiming errors. Historically, similar small-bore shot cartridges have been a practical solution for controlling vermin around farms and homes. This continues to be a relevant application today.